Radiation therapy (x-ray treatment) treats cancer by using high-energy x-rays to kill the cancer cells, while doing as little harm as possible to the surrounding healthy tissues. In children, radiation therapy to the head is given in lower doses than is used for adults, because it can affect a child’s intellectual development. Radiation therapy is not used at all for children under the age of two or three years
In adults, radiation therapy is often used after surgery for malignant brain tumours. The course of radiation therapy will depend on the type and the size of the cancer. Some people find that their symptoms change after surgery and during radiation therapy. The extent of the changes varies from person to person.
In order to make absolutely certain that exactly the same area is being treated each time, the radiation therapist will make a number of marks on the skin. These marks consist of lines, crosses and dots applied with special inks. Sometimes there non-permanent marks will need to be redrawn during the course of the treatment.
Occasionally, permanent marks, each consisting of a fine dot, may be suggested. These small black ‘tattoo’ dots are about the size of a pinhead. This procedure will be explained in more detail if you need it and prior permission will be requested before the procedure is carried out.
Radiation therapy to the head can cause hair in the area being treated to fall out. The hair usually grows back slowly, though it may not be as thick as before. Scalp and skin in the treated area may also become red, dry and tender. Creams, lotions, or soaps should not be used without talking to the doctor or radiation therapist first. Shaving any affected skin area should also be checked. It is important to keep the affected skin out of the sun, as it is very easily damaged by the sun’s rays.
Other common side effects of radiation therapy are tiredness, which may last a month or so after radiation therapy has finished, and nausea, which can be helped by medication. Mild headaches are also quite common.
The Cancer Council of WA has further information in its booklet ‘Understanding radiation therapy’, which discusses ways of managing any side effects that may occur. Phone the Cancer Council Helpline on 13 11 20 for a copy.